1861

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1861 was 10 years before the founding of the City of Birmingham, 42 years after Alabama became a state, and the year Alabama joined the Confederacy.

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In 1861, the Taiping Rebellion continued. The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed. Thallium was discovered. The Civil War began on April 12 with the bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina; numerous battles followed during the year. The Great Comet of 1861 was visible to the naked eye for three months. The Pony Express closed.

Books published in 1861 included Great Expectations by Charles Dickens and Silas Marner by George Eliot.

Notable births in 1861 included King Ferdinand of Bulgaria; biochemist Frederick Gowland Hopkins; chewing gum industrialist William Wrigley, Jr; artist Frederic Remington; basketball inventor James Naismith; actress Lillian Russell; and explorer Fridtjof Nansen. Notable deaths included King Frederick William IV of Prussia, poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning, gunsmith Eliphalet Remington, and King Pedro V of Portugal.

1860s
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