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[[File:Virginia Foster Durr.jpg|right|thumb|186px|Virginia Foster Durr]]
[[File:Virginia Foster Durr.jpg|right|thumb|186px|Virginia Foster Durr]]
'''Virginia Foster Durr''' (born [[August 6]], [[1903]] in [[Birmingham]]; died [[February 24]], [[1999]]) was a [[Civil Rights Movement|Civil Rights]] activist and lobbyist.  She was married to lawyer [[Clifford Durr]], who shared her ideals, was close friends with [[Rosa Parks]] and Eleanor Roosevelt, and was sister-in-law (though her sister's marriage) to and good friends with Supreme Court Chief Justice [[Hugo Black]] who sat on many crucial civil rights cases.
'''Virginia Foster Durr''' (born [[August 6]], [[1903]] in [[Birmingham]]; died [[February 24]], [[1999]]) was a [[Civil Rights Movement|Civil Rights]] activist and lobbyist.  She was married to lawyer [[Clifford Durr]], who shared her ideals, was close friends with [[Rosa Parks]] and Eleanor Roosevelt, and was sister-in-law (through her sister's marriage) to and good friends with Supreme Court Chief Justice [[Hugo Black]] who sat on many crucial civil rights cases.


Virginia Foster was the daughter of [[Sterling Foster|Sterling]] and [[Anne Patterson Foster]] of [[Birmingham]]. She attended Wellesley College in Massachusetts until she had to leave during her junior year due to financial difficulties. After returning to Birmingham, she met her future husband, the attorney and Rhodes Scholar [[Clifford Durr]]. She worked with the [[Junior League of Birmingham]] and [[Red Cross]] to distribute unsold milk to poor families.
Virginia Foster was the daughter of [[Sterling Foster|Sterling]] and [[Anne Patterson Foster]] of [[Birmingham]]. She attended Wellesley College in Massachusetts until she had to leave during her junior year due to financial difficulties. After returning to Birmingham, she met her future husband, the attorney and Rhodes Scholar [[Clifford Durr]]. She worked with the [[Junior League of Birmingham]] and [[Red Cross]] to distribute unsold milk to poor families.


In [[1933]] the Durrs moved with her husband to Washington, D.C., where Clifford took a job in President Roosevelt's "New Deal" Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Durr joined the Democratic National Committee women's section, where she helped First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt lobby for legislation to abolish poll taxes. In [[1938]] she was a founding member of the [[Southern Conference for Human Welfare]] (SCHW) and served as vice chair of its Civil Rights Committee, which also sought the abolition of poll taxes. That committee split off from the SCHW in [[1941]] as the National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax.
In [[1933]] the Durrs moved to Washington, D.C., where Clifford took a job in President Roosevelt's "New Deal" Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Durr joined the Democratic National Committee women's section, where she helped First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt lobby for legislation to abolish poll taxes. In [[1938]] she was a founding member of the [[Southern Conference for Human Welfare]] (SCHW) and served as vice chair of its Civil Rights Committee, which also sought the abolition of poll taxes. That committee split off from the SCHW in [[1941]] as the National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax.


Durr's social activism also involved efforts to improve labor conditions and support organized labor. Through her work, she became associated with individuals who would later be labeled as "socialists" and "communists". She refused to answer questions when called before a Senate subcommittee headed by James Eastland investigated possible communist activities. Those associations also strained her relationships with her family's social circle in Alabama.
Durr's social activism also involved efforts to improve labor conditions and support organized labor. Through her work, she became associated with individuals who would later be labeled as "socialists" and "communists". She refused to answer questions when called before a Senate subcommittee headed by James Eastland investigated possible communist activities. Those associations also strained her relationships with her family's social circle in Alabama.


In [[1948]] Durr campaigned as the Progressive Party candidate for an open senate seat from Virginia.
In [[1948]] Durr campaigned unsuccessfully as a Progressive Party candidate against incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator A. Willis Robertson of Virginia. She stated that, "I believe in equal rights for all citizens and I believe the tax money that is now going for war and armaments and the militarization of our country could be better used to give everyone in the United States a secure standard of living."


<!--The Durr's interest and belief in social equality continued to develop and grow especially as they personally witnessed social injustice. With the Brown Decision and the integration of Montgomery public schools, their home became a "safe place" for African-American student Arlam Carr and other African-American students that attended Sidney Lanier High School. Both Clifford and Virginia became well known white southern supporters of the Civil Rights Movement with the Rosa Parks arrest in Montgomery in 1955. On the evening of Parks arrest, E.D. Nixon and the Durrs went to the Montgomery jail to obtain Parks' release. Their involvement continued throughout the court case and the bus boycott.
In [[1951]] the Durrs moved back to Montgomery, and she became acquainted with local leaders of the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. She supported plans by the United Church Women in the South (UCWS) to host bi-racial meetings in the face of threats by the [[Ku Klux Klan]] and other anti-integrationists. In December [[1955]] the Durrs and E. D. Nixon bailed Rosa Parks out of jail following her arrest for refusing a bus driver's order to give up her seat to a white man. They remained involved in the ensuing boycott organized by [[Martin Luther King Jr]]'s Montgomery Improvement Association and with Parks' ongoing court battles.


Virginia Foster Durr died on February 24, 1999. At the time of her death, The Atlanta Constitution described her as a true moral authority and the white matron of the Civil Rights Movement. President Bill Clinton commented at her passing: "Her courage, outspokeness, and steely conviction in the earliest days of the civil rights movement helped change this nation forever."-->
The Durrs opened their house to visitors to Montgomery participating in Civil Rights activities and, later, to the first black students to attend classes at Sidney Lanier High School.


==Progressive Party candidate==
After Clifford's death in [[1975]], Virginia Durr remained active in state and local politics. She published her autobiography, ''[[Outside the Magic Circle]]'' in [[1985]]. She died in February [[1999]] at the age of 95. Upon hearing of Durr's death, Rosa Parks said that Durr's "upbringing of privilege did not prohibit her from wanting equality for all people. She was a lady and a scholar, and I will miss her." President Bill Clinton noted that her, "courage, outspokenness, and steely conviction in the earliest days of the Civil Rights movement helped change this nation forever."
Quote from an obituary written by Patricia Sullivan,<br />
 
"Mrs. Durr ran for the U.S. Senate from Virginia on the Progressive ticket in 1948. At that time she said, "I believe in equal rights for all citizens and I believe the tax money that is now going for war and armaments and the militarization of our country could be better used to give everyone in the United States a secure standard of living."


Her opponents were Democrat Absalom Willis Robertson, Republican Robert H. Woods, Independent Howard Carwile & Socialist Clarke T. Robbe.
Durr was inducted into the [[Alabama Women's Hall of Fame]] in [[2006]].
 
==Return to Montgomery==
In 1951 Durr returned with her husband to Montgomery, where she became acquainted with local civil rights activists. A group of people in her town arranged to have integrated church meetings of black and white women. There was a lot of opposition against the integrated meetings, from the locals as well as from within the church. In her autobiography, Durr wrote how the head of the United Church Women in the South (UCWS, an integration group) came to one of the meetings. Opponents to the meeting took the license plate numbers from the cars and published them in an Alabama [[Ku Klux Klan]] magazine. The women of the UCWS received harassing phone calls. Some had family members who publicly distanced themselves from their activities, because it was bad for business. As a result, the women became too afraid to continue their meetings. In December 1955, Virginia and her husband, along with E. D. Nixon, bailed [[Rosa Parks]] out of jail after she was arrested for refusing to give up her seat for a white person.
 
Durr was a supporter of the sit-in movement and Freedom Rights. Virginia and her husband offered sleeping space to students coming from the North to protest. Her husband, with whom she had four children, died in 1975. Durr remained active in state and local politics until she was in her nineties. In 1985 she published her autobiography, "''[[Outside the Magic Circle]]''." She continued being politically active until a few years before her death on February 24, 1999 at the age of 95. Upon hearing of Durr's death, [[Rosa Parks]] said Durr's "upbringing of privilege did not prohibit her from wanting equality for all people. She was a lady and a scholar, and I will miss her."


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 08:25, 5 August 2016

Virginia Foster Durr

Virginia Foster Durr (born August 6, 1903 in Birmingham; died February 24, 1999) was a Civil Rights activist and lobbyist. She was married to lawyer Clifford Durr, who shared her ideals, was close friends with Rosa Parks and Eleanor Roosevelt, and was sister-in-law (through her sister's marriage) to and good friends with Supreme Court Chief Justice Hugo Black who sat on many crucial civil rights cases.

Virginia Foster was the daughter of Sterling and Anne Patterson Foster of Birmingham. She attended Wellesley College in Massachusetts until she had to leave during her junior year due to financial difficulties. After returning to Birmingham, she met her future husband, the attorney and Rhodes Scholar Clifford Durr. She worked with the Junior League of Birmingham and Red Cross to distribute unsold milk to poor families.

In 1933 the Durrs moved to Washington, D.C., where Clifford took a job in President Roosevelt's "New Deal" Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Durr joined the Democratic National Committee women's section, where she helped First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt lobby for legislation to abolish poll taxes. In 1938 she was a founding member of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare (SCHW) and served as vice chair of its Civil Rights Committee, which also sought the abolition of poll taxes. That committee split off from the SCHW in 1941 as the National Committee to Abolish the Poll Tax.

Durr's social activism also involved efforts to improve labor conditions and support organized labor. Through her work, she became associated with individuals who would later be labeled as "socialists" and "communists". She refused to answer questions when called before a Senate subcommittee headed by James Eastland investigated possible communist activities. Those associations also strained her relationships with her family's social circle in Alabama.

In 1948 Durr campaigned unsuccessfully as a Progressive Party candidate against incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator A. Willis Robertson of Virginia. She stated that, "I believe in equal rights for all citizens and I believe the tax money that is now going for war and armaments and the militarization of our country could be better used to give everyone in the United States a secure standard of living."

In 1951 the Durrs moved back to Montgomery, and she became acquainted with local leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. She supported plans by the United Church Women in the South (UCWS) to host bi-racial meetings in the face of threats by the Ku Klux Klan and other anti-integrationists. In December 1955 the Durrs and E. D. Nixon bailed Rosa Parks out of jail following her arrest for refusing a bus driver's order to give up her seat to a white man. They remained involved in the ensuing boycott organized by Martin Luther King Jr's Montgomery Improvement Association and with Parks' ongoing court battles.

The Durrs opened their house to visitors to Montgomery participating in Civil Rights activities and, later, to the first black students to attend classes at Sidney Lanier High School.

After Clifford's death in 1975, Virginia Durr remained active in state and local politics. She published her autobiography, Outside the Magic Circle in 1985. She died in February 1999 at the age of 95. Upon hearing of Durr's death, Rosa Parks said that Durr's "upbringing of privilege did not prohibit her from wanting equality for all people. She was a lady and a scholar, and I will miss her." President Bill Clinton noted that her, "courage, outspokenness, and steely conviction in the earliest days of the Civil Rights movement helped change this nation forever."

Durr was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 2006.

References

  • Durr, Virginia Foster. (1985). Outside the Magic Circle: The Autobiography of Virginia Foster Durr. Tuscaloosa, AL: The University of Alabama Press.
  • Sullivan, Patricia, ed. (2003) Freedom Writer: Virginia Foster Durr, Letters from the Civil Rights Years. New York: Routledge ISBN 041594516X
  • "Virginia Foster Durr" (April 7, 2010) Wikipedia

External links

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