Mary Anderson (inventor)
This article is about the inventor. See Mary Anderson for other people with the same name.
Mary Anderson (born 1866 in Greene County - died June 27, 1953 in Monteagle, Tennessee) was a real-estate developer, rancher, viticulturist and inventor.
Born on the Burton Hill Plantation in Greene County at the start of Reconstruction, she moved with her widowed mother and sister the booming town of Birmingham in 1889. The women built the Fairmont Apartments on Highland Avenue soon after settling in.
By 1893, Mary Anderson had moved west, to Fresno, California where, until 1898 she operated a cattle ranch and vineyard. She returned to Birmingham before 1902 and helped to care for an elderly aunt who had moved into their home with seventeen large, heavy trunks which she kept in her room. After the aunt's death, the trunks revealed a large collection of gold and jewelry which established the family's financial situation. Mary used some of the money in the winter of 1902 to a make a trip to New York City with friends.
While sitting in a frosty New York trolley car, she noted the driver struggling to keep the windshield clear of sleety rain. He wavered between keeping the glass down, which let the weather into the car, and pausing every few minutes to run out and clear the slushy build-up. When she returned to Birmingham she sketched a design for a hand-operated device and had a local company produce a working model. She applied for, and was granted, a 17-year patent for a windshield wiper. In 1905 she tried to sell the rights through a noted Canadian firm, but they rejected her application, saying "we do not consider it to be of such commercial value as would warrant our undertaking its sale." She did occasionally receive royalties, but they did not amount to much.
After the patent expired in 1920 and the automobile manufacturing business grew exponentially, windshield wipers using Anderson's basic design became standard equipment.
Anderson, who resided at 1211 21st Street South continued to manage the Fairmont Apartments until her death at the age of 87. At the time of her death she was the oldest member of South Highland Presbyterian Church. She died at her summer home in the Tennessee mountains. Her funeral was conducted by Dr Frank A. Mathes at South Highland and she was buried at Elmwood Cemetery.
Patents
- Anderson, Mary (June 18, 1903) "Window-cleaning device". Patent application. Patent No. 743,801 granted November 10, 1903.
References
- Dinning & Eckenstein (June 20, 1905) Letter to Mary Anderson - accessed through Birmingham Public Library Digital Collections
- "Windshield Wiper Inventor, Miss Mary Anderson, Dies" (June 29, 1953) Birmingham Post-Herald - accessed through Birmingham Public Library Digital Collections
- McKeown, Blanche (January 1956) "She Invented the Windshield Wiper". The Record - accessed through Birmingham Public Library Digital Collections
- Reeves, Lynn (February 13, 1972) "Concern gave boon to drivers" Birmingham News - accessed through Birmingham Public Library Digital Collections
- Stallworth, Clarke (February 20, 1977) "Southern Belle Invented Wiper for Windshield" Birmingham News - accessed through Birmingham Public Library Digital Collections