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:''This article is about the public park. For the residential subdivision, see [[Tuxedo Park subdivision]]. For the apartment community, see [[Tuxedo Park Apartments]].''
:''This article is about the large public park. For the residential subdivision, see [[Tuxedo Park subdivision]]. For the apartment community, see [[Tuxedo Park Apartments]], for the small park in [[Tuxedo Heights]], see [[Tuxedo Heights Park]]''
'''Tuxedo Park''' is a 3.4-acre [[List of Birmingham parks|public park]] located between [[13th Street Ensley|13th]] and [[16th Street Ensley|16th Streets]] and between [[Avenue U Ensley|Avenue U]] and [[Avenue T Ensley|Avenue T]] in [[Ensley]].
'''Tuxedo Park''' is a 3.7-acre [[List of Birmingham parks|public park]] located between [[13th Street Ensley|13th]] and [[16th Street Ensley|16th Streets]] and between [[Avenue U Ensley|Avenue U]] and [[Avenue T Ensley|Avenue T]] in [[Ensley]].


The park was developed on a site which included an existing privately-owned swimming pool popular with Black residents of Ensley since it was first opened in the 1920s. In [[1933]] the [[Birmingham Red Cross]] maintained the park. A proposal was made to relocate the playground at [[Councill School]] to Tuxedo Park, but no action was taken. The property had been improved during the [[Great Depression]] by the [[Works Progress Administration]].
==Private attraction==
The park, then stretching over 36 lots, was operated as a private amusement park attraction for Black patrons in the 1920s. Owner, [[Hugh Hill|Hugh W. Hill]] managed it under the auspices of his [[Hu-Hil Attractions]], which he noted was an "all-white organization". In [[1926]] he reported that the park had a Caterpillar, Merry-Go-Round, No. 16 "Big Eli" Ferris Wheel and Chairplane, in addition to a dance hall, penny arcade and refreshment stands. He sought vendors for a Whip, Scooter, Dodgem Jr, Miniature Railroad, Custer Cars, Shooting Gallery, Walking Charley, and other amusements for the upcoming year.


In the early 1940s [[William McAlpine]], representative of the [[Alabama State Federation of Civic Leagues]], was instrumental in efforts to expand the number of city parks for Black residents of Birmingham. After pledges of $5,000 each from [[Erskine Ramsay]] and [[Louis Pizitz]], the idea was approved by the [[Birmingham City Commission]] in [[1944]]. [[Birmingham City Commission]] member [[Bull Connor]] insisted that the city be paid $2,000 to reimburse outstanding liens from the WPA work before turning the land over to the [[Birmingham Park and Recreation Board]]. Ultimately, $12,750 in private donations made the opening of the park possible.
In [[1928]] the park was able to advertise a $10,000 skating rink and the "South's Finest Pool", a 50-foot x 100-foot in-ground swimming pool with bathhouse which was the only such facility open to Black swimmers in the district. By then the park also featured a shooting gallery. Entrance to the dance pavilion was free for girls, with a 10-cent charge for "their gentlemen friends".


The board planned to honor McAlpine, who died in [[1943]], by naming the expanded park in his memory. Many residents, however, preferred to preserve the park's association with [[Tuxedo Junction]], the nearby streetcar hub made famous in [[Erskine Hawkins]]' [[Tuxedo Junction|jazz standard]]. McAlpine was instead made the namesake of a [[McAlpine Park|larger new park]] in [[Pratt City]].
==Red Cross operation==
In the early 1930s the [[Birmingham Red Cross]] operated and maintained the park. A proposal was made in [[1933]] to relocate the playground at [[Councill School]] to Tuxedo Park, but no action was taken. The storm drainage system was improved during the [[Great Depression]] by the [[Works Progress Administration]]. In [[1939]] the park buildings were all in poor condition.
 
==Purchase by City of Birmingham==
In the early 1940s [[William McAlpine]], representative of the [[Alabama State Federation of Civic Leagues]], was instrumental in efforts to expand the number of city parks for Black residents of Birmingham. Then owners [[Joe Denaburg]], [[R. M. Kimbrough]], [[Maurice Bishop]] and [[G. C. Prowell]] asked for a combined $15,000 for the 36 lots, but agreed to lower the price to $12,500 if an outstanding $1,200 lien from the WPA work was forgiven. Commissioner [[Bull Connor]] insisted that the cost of the lien not fall to the city.
 
[[Esther Cooper Jackson|Esther Cooper]] and the [[Southern Negro Youth Congress]] (SNYC) organized residents to petition for re-opening of the swimming pool at Tuxedo Park. Bandleader [[Erskine Hawkins]], whose signature song "[[Tuxedo Junction]]" honored the nearby streetcar stop, was one of the first to sign.
 
After pledges of $5,000 each from [[Erskine Ramsay]] and [[Louis Pizitz]] the idea was approved by the [[Birmingham City Commission]], which appropriated an additional $3,600 to the [[Birmingham Park and Recreation Board|Birmingham Park Board]] to complete the purchase. Ultimately, $12,750 in private donations made the opening of the park possible.
 
The board planned to honor McAlpine, who died in [[1943]], by naming the expanded park in his memory. Many residents, however, preferred to preserve the park's association with [[Tuxedo Junction]] and Hawkins' famous song. McAlpine was instead made the namesake of a [[McAlpine Park|larger new park]] in [[Pratt City]].


Architect [[E. B. Van Keuren]] prepared pro bono designs for a service building and bathhouse for the park and supervised the refurbishment of the swimming pool. [[A. G. Gaston]]'s [[Brown Belle Bottling Co.]] won the bid to construct and operate a concession stand for $100/month plus a percentage of gross receipts. The reconditioned swimming pool, the only public pool open to Black residents, opened on [[August 12]] of that year for a short season.
Architect [[E. B. Van Keuren]] prepared pro bono designs for a service building and bathhouse for the park and supervised the refurbishment of the swimming pool. [[A. G. Gaston]]'s [[Brown Belle Bottling Co.]] won the bid to construct and operate a concession stand for $100/month plus a percentage of gross receipts. The reconditioned swimming pool, the only public pool open to Black residents, opened on [[August 12]] of that year for a short season.


The park hosted regular concerts by members of the [[American Federation of Musicians Local No. 733]]. Beginning as early as [[1945]], the [[A. G. Gaston Boys & Girls Club|Smith & Gaston Kiddie Club]] used Tuxedo Park for programs. In [[1952]] the organization brought 3,000 children from across the state for a play day and picnic.
The park hosted regular concerts by members of the [[American Federation of Musicians Local No. 733]]. Beginning as early as [[1945]], the [[A. G. Gaston Boys & Girls Club|Smith & Gaston Kiddie Club]] used Tuxedo Park for programs. In [[1952]] the organization brought 3,000 children from across the state for a play day and picnic.
 
==Closure and re-opening==
Like all other city parks, Tuxedo Park was closed by the City Commission in [[1963]] in order to avoid court-ordered integration, and reopened in [[1964]] when those ordinances were repealed by the newly-elected [[Birmingham City Council]].
Like all other city parks, Tuxedo Park was closed by the City Commission in [[1963]] in order to avoid court-ordered integration, and reopened in [[1964]] when those ordinances were repealed by the newly-elected [[Birmingham City Council]].


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{{stub}}
{{stub}}
==References==
==References==
* "May Move Playground" (February 8, 1933) {{BN}}, p. 1
* "May Move Playground" (February 8, 1933) {{BN}}, p. 1
* "Erskine Hawkins Spurs Campaign For Swimming Pool At Tuxedo Park" (August 7, 1942) ''Weekly Review''
* "[https://cdm16044.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4017coll2/id/11451/rec/1 City Approves Park Purchase]" (March 29, 1944) {{BAH}} - via {{BPLDC}}
* "[https://cdm16044.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4017coll2/id/11451/rec/1 City Purchases Negro Park Site]" (April 6, 1944) {{BAH}} - via {{BPLDC}}
* "City Moves Toward Adequate Negro Recreational Facilities" (July 23, 1944) {{BN}}, p. 2
* "City Moves Toward Adequate Negro Recreational Facilities" (July 23, 1944) {{BN}}, p. 2
* "City Swimming Pools' Admission Prices Up; McAlpin Park Named." (April 27, 1944) {{BN}}, p. 17
* "City Swimming Pools' Admission Prices Up; McAlpin Park Named." (April 27, 1944) {{BN}}, p. 17
Line 25: Line 41:
* Adams, Fred (May 31, 1945) "Park Board's Swim Season Opens Friday" {{BN}}, p. 14
* Adams, Fred (May 31, 1945) "Park Board's Swim Season Opens Friday" {{BN}}, p. 14
* "3000 Negro children frolic at park." (August 10, 1952) {{BN}}, p. B-4
* "3000 Negro children frolic at park." (August 10, 1952) {{BN}}, p. B-4
* Schneider, David B. (2009) "[http://www.shphistoric.com/page20/files/History%2007_20.pdf Downtown Ensley & Tuxedo Junction: An Introductory History]" City of Birmingham/Main Street Birmingham


[[Category:Birmingham parks]]
[[Category:Birmingham parks]]
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[[Category:Avenue T Ensley]]
[[Category:Avenue T Ensley]]
[[Category:Avenue U Ensley]]
[[Category:Avenue U Ensley]]
[[Category:1920s establishments]]
[[Category:1944 establishments]]
[[Category:1944 establishments]]
[[Category:E. B. Van Keuren buildings]]
[[Category:E. B. Van Keuren buildings]]
[[Category:1944 buildings]]
[[Category:1944 buildings]]

Latest revision as of 17:19, 24 March 2024

This article is about the large public park. For the residential subdivision, see Tuxedo Park subdivision. For the apartment community, see Tuxedo Park Apartments, for the small park in Tuxedo Heights, see Tuxedo Heights Park

Tuxedo Park is a 3.7-acre public park located between 13th and 16th Streets and between Avenue U and Avenue T in Ensley.

Private attraction

The park, then stretching over 36 lots, was operated as a private amusement park attraction for Black patrons in the 1920s. Owner, Hugh W. Hill managed it under the auspices of his Hu-Hil Attractions, which he noted was an "all-white organization". In 1926 he reported that the park had a Caterpillar, Merry-Go-Round, No. 16 "Big Eli" Ferris Wheel and Chairplane, in addition to a dance hall, penny arcade and refreshment stands. He sought vendors for a Whip, Scooter, Dodgem Jr, Miniature Railroad, Custer Cars, Shooting Gallery, Walking Charley, and other amusements for the upcoming year.

In 1928 the park was able to advertise a $10,000 skating rink and the "South's Finest Pool", a 50-foot x 100-foot in-ground swimming pool with bathhouse which was the only such facility open to Black swimmers in the district. By then the park also featured a shooting gallery. Entrance to the dance pavilion was free for girls, with a 10-cent charge for "their gentlemen friends".

Red Cross operation

In the early 1930s the Birmingham Red Cross operated and maintained the park. A proposal was made in 1933 to relocate the playground at Councill School to Tuxedo Park, but no action was taken. The storm drainage system was improved during the Great Depression by the Works Progress Administration. In 1939 the park buildings were all in poor condition.

Purchase by City of Birmingham

In the early 1940s William McAlpine, representative of the Alabama State Federation of Civic Leagues, was instrumental in efforts to expand the number of city parks for Black residents of Birmingham. Then owners Joe Denaburg, R. M. Kimbrough, Maurice Bishop and G. C. Prowell asked for a combined $15,000 for the 36 lots, but agreed to lower the price to $12,500 if an outstanding $1,200 lien from the WPA work was forgiven. Commissioner Bull Connor insisted that the cost of the lien not fall to the city.

Esther Cooper and the Southern Negro Youth Congress (SNYC) organized residents to petition for re-opening of the swimming pool at Tuxedo Park. Bandleader Erskine Hawkins, whose signature song "Tuxedo Junction" honored the nearby streetcar stop, was one of the first to sign.

After pledges of $5,000 each from Erskine Ramsay and Louis Pizitz the idea was approved by the Birmingham City Commission, which appropriated an additional $3,600 to the Birmingham Park Board to complete the purchase. Ultimately, $12,750 in private donations made the opening of the park possible.

The board planned to honor McAlpine, who died in 1943, by naming the expanded park in his memory. Many residents, however, preferred to preserve the park's association with Tuxedo Junction and Hawkins' famous song. McAlpine was instead made the namesake of a larger new park in Pratt City.

Architect E. B. Van Keuren prepared pro bono designs for a service building and bathhouse for the park and supervised the refurbishment of the swimming pool. A. G. Gaston's Brown Belle Bottling Co. won the bid to construct and operate a concession stand for $100/month plus a percentage of gross receipts. The reconditioned swimming pool, the only public pool open to Black residents, opened on August 12 of that year for a short season.

The park hosted regular concerts by members of the American Federation of Musicians Local No. 733. Beginning as early as 1945, the Smith & Gaston Kiddie Club used Tuxedo Park for programs. In 1952 the organization brought 3,000 children from across the state for a play day and picnic.

Closure and re-opening

Like all other city parks, Tuxedo Park was closed by the City Commission in 1963 in order to avoid court-ordered integration, and reopened in 1964 when those ordinances were repealed by the newly-elected Birmingham City Council.

Currently the park is undeveloped, consisting of cleared land with a few stands of mature trees. The Village Creek Park Master Plan, adopted by the Village Creek Society in 2010, anticipates a larger 42-acre multi-use park which would encompass all of Tuxedo Park, most of which would be excavated for a proposed lake.

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