Jefferson County Commission: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:Jefferson County Seal.png|right|200px]]
[[Image:Jefferson County Seal.png|right|200px]]
[[Image:Jefferson_County_Commission_members,_2022-2026.JPG|right|thumb|375px|Commissioners for 2018-2022 and 2022-2026]]
The '''Jefferson County Commission''' is a five-member group granted legislative and executive duties for [[Jefferson County]]. The Commissioners, formerly elected at-large, are now elected by district to four year terms. Each commissioner, in addition to representing his or her district, is given charge of a department of the county for administration. The commission elects its own President, who chairs commission meetings and has executive duties over the county as a whole.
The '''Jefferson County Commission''' is a five-member group granted legislative and executive duties for [[Jefferson County]]. The Commissioners, formerly elected at-large, are now elected by district to four year terms. Each commissioner, in addition to representing his or her district, is given charge of a department of the county for administration. The commission elects its own President, who chairs commission meetings and has executive duties over the county as a whole.


Duties of the commission include administration of county funds and custodianship of county property, collection of taxes passed by state law, construction and maintenance of public facilities, provision of public utilities and services, and making appointments to various boards and agencies.
Duties of the commission include administration of county funds and custodianship of county property, collection of taxes passed by state law, construction and maintenance of public facilities, provision of public utilities and services, and making appointments to various boards and agencies.
==History==
As of [[1884]], the Commission met on the second Mondays of February, July and August; and on the first Mondays of April and November; or as needed.
By [[1890]] residents of Jefferson County were complaining of excessive compensation for County Commissioners, who were entitled by law to receive $5 for each day conducting county business, which was stretched in practice to every business day.
In [[1892]] the [[Alabama General Assembly]] passed a bill restricting the days that the Commissioner's Court could meet in session to 10 in each calendar month, excepting the three months during which it was engaged in equalizing the taxation of property. Later the responsibility of inspecting roads was largely given over to a newly-created [[Jefferson County Road Commission]].
In January [[1899]] Governor [[Joseph Johnston]] conducted a review of the Commission's work and concluded that, "a very irregular and unbusinesslike state of affairs existed," that, "many contracts were given to relatives," that, "they have drawn large amounts from the treasury for themselves in violation of the law," and that, "the affairs of the county are managed with reckless extravagance." 
Shortly afterward the [[Alabama House of Representatives]] passed a bill (H. 986) which would abolish the Commissioner's Court and replace it with a five-member '''Jefferson County Board of Revenue'''. The house bill received an unfavorable report from the [[Alabama State Senate]]'s committee on local laws. During debate in the Senate on [[February 17]], the bill was amended to give the [[Jefferson County Probate Court|Judge of Probate]] responsibility for presiding over a four-member elected board. That version was passed.
In [[1901]] a separate [[Jefferson County Sanitary Commission]] was created to plan and implement a [[Jefferson County Sewer System]] with waste treatment plants to end the practice of letting raw sewage flow into [[Village Creek]] and [[Valley Creek]]. After the initial planning was completed, the commission was dissolved and the responsibility passed back to the County Commission.
In [[1931]] the [[Alabama State Legislature]] abolished the five-member Board of Revenue and established a three-person County Commission. As instituted, the members would serve staggered 6-year terms with an election every two years. However in [[1935]] the Legislature changed the schedule so that all three members would serve at-large, and be elected together to 2-year terms.
No Black commissioners were ever elected to the 3-member at-large commission. A suit brought in U.S. District Court, ''[[Michael Taylor, et al. v. Jefferson County Commission, et al]]'', resulted in a [[1985]] consent decree that expanded the commission to 5 members, each representing a voting district, two of which were drawn as majority-Black. [[McClure v. Jefferson County Commission|A lawsuit]] brought in [[2023]] argued that subsequent reapportionments have increasingly packed Black voters into those two districts, and that a more equitable map would include at least one "crossover district" with no clear racial majority.


{{Jefferson County Commission}}
{{Jefferson County Commission}}
__NOTOC__
==Current Commission==
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 1|District 1]]: [[Lashunda Scales]], president pro tempore
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 2|District 2]]: [[Sheila Tyson]]
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 3|District 3]]: [[Jimmie Stephens]], president
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 4|District 4]]: [[Joe Knight]]
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 5|District 5]]: [[Steve Ammons]]


==2014-2018==
==Commissioners==
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 1|District 1]]: [[George Bowman]]
===Before 1931===
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 2|District 2]]: [[Sandra Little Brown]], president pro tem
{|-
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 3|District 3]]: [[Jimmie Stephens]], president
| valign="top" |
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 4|District 4]]: [[Joe Knight]]
* 1819:
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 5|District 5]]: [[David Carrington]]
** [[Rueben Reed]]
** [[William Erwin]]
** [[John Adams]]
** [[John Cochran]]
** [[William Prude]]


==2010-2014==
* 1822:
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 1|District 1]]: [[George Bowman]]
** [[Rueben Reed]]
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 2|District 2]]: [[Sandra Little Brown]], president pro tem
** [[William Erwin]]
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 3|District 3]]: [[Jimmie Stephens]]
** [[John Adams]]
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 4|District 4]]: [[Joe Knight]]
** [[John Cochran (commissioner)|John Cochran]]
* [[Jefferson County Commission District 5|District 5]]: [[David Carrington]], president
** [[William Prude]]
** [[Peyton King (physician)|Peyton King]]
** [[John M. Martin]]


==2006-2010==
* 1872–1874:
* District 1: [[George Bowman]], Commissioner of Health and Human Services (previously held by [[Larry Langford]] (2006-2007), [[George Bowman]] (2007-2008), and [[William Bell]] (2008-2010)
** [[James Wilson]]
* District 2: [[Shelia Smoot]], Commissioner of Information Technology
** [[J. L. Gillispie]]
* District 3: [[Bobby Humphryes]], Commissioner of Roads & Transportation
** [[N. D. Talley]]
* District 4: [[Bettye Fine Collins]], President, Commissioner of Finance
** [[J. A. Snow]]
* District 5: [[Jim Carns]], Commissioner of Environmental Services
| valign="top" |
* 1874–1876
** [[James Wilson]]
** [[J. L. Gillispie]]
** [[Isaac Brown]]
** [[Chambers McAdory]]


==2002 - 2006==
* 1880–1882:
* District 1: [[Larry Langford]], President. Commissioner of Finance and General Services
** [[Paul Earle|Paul H. Earle]]
* District 2: [[Shelia Smoot]], Commissioner of Roads & Transportation and Community & Economic Development
** [[Thomas Parsons|Thomas M. Parsons]]
* District 3: [[Mary Buckelew]], Commissioner of Technology and Land Development
** [[W. B. Vines]]
* District 4: [[Bettye Fine Collins]], Commissioner of Health and Human Services
** [[William White|William A. White]]
* District 5: [[Gary White]], Commissioner of Environmental Services
** District 4: [[W. W. Perkins]]


==1998 - 2002==
* 1883
* District 1: [[Jeff Germany]]
** [[Samuel Huey]]
* District 2: [[Chris McNair]] (resigned [[March 29]], [[2001]]), [[Steve Small, Jr]] (appointed 2001)
** [[W. W. Perkin]]
* District 3: [[Mary Buckelew]]
** [[Felix Montgomery]]
* District 4: [[Bettye Fine Collins]]
* District 5: [[Gary White]], President


==1994 - 1998==
* 1884–1888:
* District 1: [[Jeff Germany]]
** [[Thomas Parsons|Thomas M. Parsons]]
* District 2: [[Chris McNair]]
** [[G. L. Thomas]]
* District 3: [[Mary Buckelew]], president
** [[W. B. Vines]]
* District 4: [[Bettye Fine Collins]]
** [[William White|William A. White]]
* District 5: [[Gary White]]


==1990 - 1994==
* 1888–1890:
* District 1: [[Jeff Germany]]
** [[George Thomas]]
* District 2: [[Chris McNair]]
** [[William Hickman]]
* District 3: [[Mary Buckelew]], president
** [[J. P. McAdory]]<!--or P. J. McAdory-->
* District 4:  [[Jim Gunter]]
** [[W. I. Brown]]
* District 5: [[Gary White]]
| valign="top" |
* 1892-1894:
** [[Andrew Tarrant]], chair


==1986 - 1990==
* 1890-1892:
* District 1: [[Reuben Davis]]
** [[Andrew Tarrant]], chair
* District 2: [[Chris McNair]]
** [[William Hickman]]
* District 3: [[David Orange]], president
* District 4: [[Jim Gunter]]
* District 5: [[John Katopodis]]


==1984 - 1986==
* 1904-1908:
* [[Chriss Doss]]
** [[John G. Reed]] ([[Huffman]])
* [[David Orange]]
** [[H. W. Crook]] ([[Bessemer]])
** [[Charles Dickey]] (Birmingham)
** [[Job Going]] ([[Pratt City]])
** [[Hugh McGeever]] (Birmingham)


==1982 - 1984==
* 1908–1912:
* [[Chriss Doss]], president
** [[Robert Lovelady]] (Woodlawn), 1st term
* [[Ray Moore]]
** [[Hugh McGeever]] (Birmingham)
* [[Tom Gloor]] (resigned 1982), [[David Orange]] elected to fill vacant seat


==1978 - 1982==
* 1912–1916:
* [[Tom Gloor]], president
** [[Robert Lovelady]] (Woodlawn) 2nd term, chair
* [[Chriss  Doss]]
** [[Rufe Bivins]]
* [[Ben Erdreich]]
** [[W. J. Cameron]]
** [[Hugh McGeever]]
** [[L. H. Pennington]]
| valign="top" |
* 1916–1920:
** [[Robert Lovelady]], [[Woodlawn]], president (resigned 1919)
** [[J. W. Gwin]], president (1919-1920)
** [[W. J. Cameron]]
** [[Hugh McGeever]]
** [[Lawrence Pennington]]


==1974 - 1978==
* 1920–1924:
* [[Chriss Doss]]
** [[J. W. Gwin]], president
* [[Ben Erdreich]]
** [[F. A. Hewitt]]
** [[Robert Lovelady]]
** [[J. B. Vines]]
** [[Rufe Bivins]]


==1970 - 1974==
* 1928-1931:
** [[Wash Bishop|W. D. "Wash" Bishop]], president
** [[W. E. Corning]]
** [[J. B. Vines]]
|}


==1966 - 1970==
===1931–1985===
* [[Cooper Green]], president
{|-
* [[Eddie Gilmore]]
| valign="top" |
* [[Tom Pinson]]
* 1931–1933:
** [[Wash Bishop|W. D. "Wash" Bishop]], chair
** [[W. E. Corning]]
** [[J. B. Vines]]


==1960 - 1963==
* 1935–1937:
* [[W. D. Kendrick|W. D. "Dee" Kendrick]], President
** [[Wash Bishop|W. D. "Wash" Bishop]], chair
* [[Eddie Gilmore|Eddie H. Gilmore]]
** [[Robert E. Smith]]
* [[Tom Pinson]]
** [[W. E. Dickson]]


==1959==
* 1937–1939:
* [[W. D. Kendrick|W. D. "Dee" Kendrick]], President
** [[W. E. Corning]], president (died December 1938)
* [[Eddie Gilmore|Eddie H. Gilmore]]
** [[Robert E. Smith]]
* [[Charles Harrison]]
** [[W. E. Dickson]]


==1947==
* 1939–1941:
* [[Clarence Pinson]], President
** [[Bob Wharton]], president
* [[Earl Bruner]]
** [[Earl Bruner]]
* [[Charles Harrison]]
** [[Henry Sweet]]


==1939-1941==
* 1945–1947:
* [[Bob Wharton]], President
** [[Clarence Pinson]], president
* [[Earl Bruner]]
** [[Earl Bruner]]
* [[Henry Sweet]]
** [[Henry Sweet]]
| valign="top" |
* 1947–1949:
** [[Clarence Pinson]], president
** [[Earl Bruner]]
** [[Charles Harrison]]


==1938==
* 1951–1953:
* [[W. E. Corning]], President
** [[W. D. Kendrick|W. D. "Dee" Kendrick]], president
* [[R. E. Smith]]
** [[T. C. Pridmore]]
* [[W. E. Dickson]]
** [[Charles Harrison]]


==1927==
* 1953–1955:
* [[W. D. Bishop]], President
** [[W. D. Kendrick|W. D. "Dee" Kendrick]], President
* [[W. E. Corning]]
** [[Eddie Gilmore|Eddie H. Gilmore]]
* [[J. B. Vines]]
** [[Charles Harrison]]


==1888–1892==
* 1955–1957:
* [[William Hickman]]
** [[W. D. Kendrick|W. D. "Dee" Kendrick]], President
** [[Eddie Gilmore|Eddie H. Gilmore]]
** [[Charles Harrison]]
| valign="top" |
* 1957–1959:
** [[W. D. Kendrick|W. D. "Dee" Kendrick]], President
** [[Eddie Gilmore|Eddie H. Gilmore]]
** [[Charles Harrison]]


==1884–1888==
* 1959–1961:
* [[Thomas Parsons|Thomas M. Parsons]]
** [[W. D. Kendrick|W. D. "Dee" Kendrick]], President
* [[G. L. Thomas]]
** [[Eddie Gilmore|Eddie H. Gilmore]]
* [[W. B. Vines]]
** [[Tom Pinson]]
* [[William White|William A. White]]


==1880–1884==
* 1961–1963:
As of 1884, the Commission met on the second Mondays of February, July and August and the first Mondays of April and November, or as needed.
** [[W. D. Kendrick|W. D. "Dee" Kendrick]], President
* [[Paul Earle|Paul H. Earle]]
** [[Eddie Gilmore|Eddie H. Gilmore]]
* [[Thomas Parsons|Thomas M. Parsons]]
** [[Tom Pinson]]
* [[W. B. Vines]]
* [[William White|William A. White]]


==1876–1880==
* 1966–1970:
** [[Cooper Green]], president
** [[Eddie Gilmore]]
** [[Tom Pinson]]
| valign="top" |
* 1974–1978:
** [[Chriss Doss]]
** [[Ben Erdreich]]


==1874–1876==
* 1978–1982:
* [[James Wilson]]
** [[Tom Gloor]], president
* [[J. L. Gillispie]]
** [[Chriss  Doss]]
* [[Isaac Brown]]
** [[Ben Erdreich]]
* [[Chambers McAdory]]


==1872–1874==
* 1982–1984:
* [[James Wilson]]
** [[Chriss Doss]], president
* [[J. L. Gillispie]]
** [[Ray Moore]]
* [[N. D. Talley]]
** [[Tom Gloor]] (resigned 1982), [[David Orange]] elected to fill vacant seat
* [[J. A. Snow]]


==1822==
* 1984–1986:
* [[Rueben Reed]], [[William Erwin]], [[John Adams]], [[John Cochran (commissioner)|John Cochran]], [[William Prude]], [[Peyton King (physician)|Peyton King]] & [[John M. Martin]]
** [[Chriss Doss]]
** [[David Orange]]
|}
=== 1986–present ===
* 1986–1990:
** District 1: [[Reuben Davis]]
** District 2: [[Chris McNair]]
** District 3: [[David Orange]], president
** District 4: [[Jim Gunter]]
** District 5: [[John Katopodis]]


==1819==
* 1990–1994:
* [[Rueben Reed]], [[William Erwin]], [[John Adams]], [[John Cochran]] and [[William Prude]]
** District 1: [[Jeff Germany]]
** District 2: [[Chris McNair]]
** District 3: [[Mary Buckelew]], president
** District 4:  [[Jim Gunter]]
** District 5: [[Gary White]]
 
* 1994–1998:
** District 1: [[Jeff Germany]]
** District 2: [[Chris McNair]]
** District 3: [[Mary Buckelew]], president
** District 4: [[Bettye Fine Collins]]
** District 5: [[Gary White]]
 
* 1998–2002:
** District 1: [[Jeff Germany]]
** District 2: [[Chris McNair]] (resigned [[March 29]], [[2001]]), [[Steve Small Jr]] (appointed 2001)
** District 3: [[Mary Buckelew]]
** District 4: [[Bettye Fine Collins]]
** District 5: [[Gary White]], President
 
* 2002–2006:
** District 1: [[Larry Langford]], President. Commissioner of Finance and General Services
** District 2: [[Shelia Smoot]], Commissioner of Roads & Transportation and Community & Economic Development
** District 3: [[Mary Buckelew]], Commissioner of Technology and Land Development
** District 4: [[Bettye Fine Collins]], Commissioner of Health and Human Services
** District 5: [[Gary White]], Commissioner of Environmental Services
 
* 2006–2010:
** District 1: [[George Bowman]], Commissioner of Health and Human Services (previously held by [[Larry Langford]] (2006-2007), [[George Bowman]] (2007-2008), and [[William Bell]] (2008-2010)
** District 2: [[Shelia Smoot]], Commissioner of Information Technology
** District 3: [[Bobby Humphryes]], Commissioner of Roads & Transportation
** District 4: [[Bettye Fine Collins]], President, Commissioner of Finance
** District 5: [[Jim Carns]], Commissioner of Environmental Services
 
* 2010–2014:
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 1|District 1]]: [[George Bowman]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 2|District 2]]: [[Sandra Little Brown]], president pro tem
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 3|District 3]]: [[Jimmie Stephens]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 4|District 4]]: [[Joe Knight]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 5|District 5]]: [[David Carrington]], president
 
* 2014–2018:
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 1|District 1]]: [[George Bowman]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 2|District 2]]: [[Sandra Little Brown]], president pro tem
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 3|District 3]]: [[Jimmie Stephens]], president
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 4|District 4]]: [[Joe Knight]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 5|District 5]]: [[David Carrington]]
 
* 2018–2022:
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 1|District 1]]: [[Lashunda Scales]], president pro tempore
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 2|District 2]]: [[Sheila Tyson]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 3|District 3]]: [[Jimmie Stephens]], president
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 4|District 4]]: [[Joe Knight]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 5|District 5]]: [[Steve Ammons]]
 
* 2022–2026
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 1|District 1]]: [[Lashunda Scales]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 2|District 2]]: [[Sheila Tyson]]
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 3|District 3]]: [[Jimmie Stephens]], president
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 4|District 4]]: [[Joe Knight]], president pro tempore
** [[Jefferson County Commission District 5|District 5]]: [[Steve Ammons]] (resigned May 2023), [[Mike Bolin]] (2023–2026)


{{Jefferson County}}
{{Jefferson County}}
==References==
* "Journal of the Senate of the State of Alabama, Session of 1898-9." (1900) Alabama State Senate. Jacksonville, Florida: Vance Printing Co.
* Wright, Barnett (September 5, 2019) "With Top Republicans At Odds, Democrats Shift Balance of Power In Jeffco." {{BT}}
* Swetlik, Sarah (April 7, 2023) "[https://www.al.com/news/2023/04/jefferson-county-sued-over-alleged-racial-gerrymandering-vote-packing.html Jefferson County sued over alleged racial gerrymandering, vote packing]" {{AL}}
* Bryant, Joseph D. (August 31, 2023) "Federal judge to decide whether new Jefferson County Commission district lines are racially unfair." {{AL}}
* Bryant, Joseph D. (December 23, 2023) "Future of Jefferson County’s political leadership proceeds to federal court." {{AL}}


[[Category:Jefferson County Commission|*]]
[[Category:Jefferson County Commission|*]]

Latest revision as of 15:00, 28 December 2023

Jefferson County Seal.png
Commissioners for 2018-2022 and 2022-2026

The Jefferson County Commission is a five-member group granted legislative and executive duties for Jefferson County. The Commissioners, formerly elected at-large, are now elected by district to four year terms. Each commissioner, in addition to representing his or her district, is given charge of a department of the county for administration. The commission elects its own President, who chairs commission meetings and has executive duties over the county as a whole.

Duties of the commission include administration of county funds and custodianship of county property, collection of taxes passed by state law, construction and maintenance of public facilities, provision of public utilities and services, and making appointments to various boards and agencies.

History

As of 1884, the Commission met on the second Mondays of February, July and August; and on the first Mondays of April and November; or as needed.

By 1890 residents of Jefferson County were complaining of excessive compensation for County Commissioners, who were entitled by law to receive $5 for each day conducting county business, which was stretched in practice to every business day.

In 1892 the Alabama General Assembly passed a bill restricting the days that the Commissioner's Court could meet in session to 10 in each calendar month, excepting the three months during which it was engaged in equalizing the taxation of property. Later the responsibility of inspecting roads was largely given over to a newly-created Jefferson County Road Commission.

In January 1899 Governor Joseph Johnston conducted a review of the Commission's work and concluded that, "a very irregular and unbusinesslike state of affairs existed," that, "many contracts were given to relatives," that, "they have drawn large amounts from the treasury for themselves in violation of the law," and that, "the affairs of the county are managed with reckless extravagance."

Shortly afterward the Alabama House of Representatives passed a bill (H. 986) which would abolish the Commissioner's Court and replace it with a five-member Jefferson County Board of Revenue. The house bill received an unfavorable report from the Alabama State Senate's committee on local laws. During debate in the Senate on February 17, the bill was amended to give the Judge of Probate responsibility for presiding over a four-member elected board. That version was passed.

In 1901 a separate Jefferson County Sanitary Commission was created to plan and implement a Jefferson County Sewer System with waste treatment plants to end the practice of letting raw sewage flow into Village Creek and Valley Creek. After the initial planning was completed, the commission was dissolved and the responsibility passed back to the County Commission.

In 1931 the Alabama State Legislature abolished the five-member Board of Revenue and established a three-person County Commission. As instituted, the members would serve staggered 6-year terms with an election every two years. However in 1935 the Legislature changed the schedule so that all three members would serve at-large, and be elected together to 2-year terms.

No Black commissioners were ever elected to the 3-member at-large commission. A suit brought in U.S. District Court, Michael Taylor, et al. v. Jefferson County Commission, et al, resulted in a 1985 consent decree that expanded the commission to 5 members, each representing a voting district, two of which were drawn as majority-Black. A lawsuit brought in 2023 argued that subsequent reapportionments have increasingly packed Black voters into those two districts, and that a more equitable map would include at least one "crossover district" with no clear racial majority.

Jefferson County Commission
District 1 Lashunda Scales District 2 Sheila Tyson District 3 Jimmie Stephens
District 4 Joe Knight District 5 Mike Bolin

Commissioners

Before 1931

1931–1985

1986–present

  • 2002–2006:
    • District 1: Larry Langford, President. Commissioner of Finance and General Services
    • District 2: Shelia Smoot, Commissioner of Roads & Transportation and Community & Economic Development
    • District 3: Mary Buckelew, Commissioner of Technology and Land Development
    • District 4: Bettye Fine Collins, Commissioner of Health and Human Services
    • District 5: Gary White, Commissioner of Environmental Services
Jefferson County Seal.png Jefferson County
Topics

Communities | County Commission | Courts | Schools | Sheriff

Cities

Adamsville | Bessemer (seat) | Birmingham (seat) | Brighton | Brookside | Cardiff | Center Point | Clay | Fairfield | Fultondale | Gardendale | Graysville | Homewood | Hoover | Hueytown | Irondale | Kimberly | Leeds | Lipscomb | Maytown | Midfield | Morris | Mountain Brook | Mulga | North Johns | Pinson | Pleasant Grove | Sylvan Springs | Tarrant | Trafford | Trussville | Vestavia Hills | Warrior | West Jefferson

References

  • "Journal of the Senate of the State of Alabama, Session of 1898-9." (1900) Alabama State Senate. Jacksonville, Florida: Vance Printing Co.
  • Wright, Barnett (September 5, 2019) "With Top Republicans At Odds, Democrats Shift Balance of Power In Jeffco." The Birmingham Times
  • Swetlik, Sarah (April 7, 2023) "Jefferson County sued over alleged racial gerrymandering, vote packing" AL.com
  • Bryant, Joseph D. (August 31, 2023) "Federal judge to decide whether new Jefferson County Commission district lines are racially unfair." AL.com
  • Bryant, Joseph D. (December 23, 2023) "Future of Jefferson County’s political leadership proceeds to federal court." AL.com