1963: Difference between revisions

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* [[March 2]]:  Patsy Cline, Tex Ritter, and Jerry Lee Lewis performed at the [[Shower of Stars]] at[[Municipal Auditorium]] for the widow of Kansas City disc jockey Jack Call. (Cline died in a plane crash three days later.)
* [[March 2]]:  Patsy Cline, Tex Ritter, and Jerry Lee Lewis performed at the [[Shower of Stars]] at[[Municipal Auditorium]] for the widow of Kansas City disc jockey Jack Call. (Cline died in a plane crash three days later.)
* [[March 31]]–[[April 26]]: The [[1963 Birmingham Transit strike]].
* [[March 31]]–[[April 26]]: The [[1963 Birmingham Transit strike]].
* April: The [[167th Theater Sustainment Command]] was ordered into federal service by President John Kennedy.
* June: The [[Birmingham Sailing Club]] was founded with 44 members.
* June: The [[Birmingham Sailing Club]] was founded with 44 members.
* [[July 24]]: Major storms left thousands without power.
* [[July 24]]: Major storms left thousands without power.
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* [[Fob James]] founded Diversified Products Inc.
* [[Fob James]] founded Diversified Products Inc.
* [[Larry LaBerte]], son of owner [[Nuncie LaBerte]], began working at [[Nuncie's Music]].
* [[Larry LaBerte]], son of owner [[Nuncie LaBerte]], began working at [[Nuncie's Music]].
* [[Mancha's]] Mexican restaurant was founded by [[John Mancha]].
* The original [[Milo's Hamburgers]] was forced to move due to construction of [[I-20]]/[[I-59|59]].
* The original [[Milo's Hamburgers]] was forced to move due to construction of [[I-20]]/[[I-59|59]].
* [[NelBran Glass|Nelson–Brantley Glass Company]] was bought by [[Larry Striplin, Jr]].
* [[NelBran Glass|Nelson–Brantley Glass Company]] was bought by [[Larry Striplin, Jr]].
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** [[May 2]]: The [[Children's Crusade]] began.
** [[May 2]]: The [[Children's Crusade]] began.
** [[May 3]]: [[Police dogs and firehoses]] marked the second day of the Children's Crusade.
** [[May 3]]: [[Police dogs and firehoses]] marked the second day of the Children's Crusade.
** [[May 10]]: A truce was announced, ending the [[Birmingham Campaign]].
** [[May 10]]: A [[Birmingham Truce|truce]] was announced, ending the [[Birmingham Campaign]].
* [[May 11]]: [[A. D. King]]'s [[A. D. King residence|residence]] and the [[A. G. Gaston Motel]] were hit by devastating bombs. [[May 1963 riot|Rioting]] spread across the city.
* [[May 11]]: [[A. D. King]]'s [[A. D. King residence|residence]] and the [[A. G. Gaston Motel]] were hit by devastating bombs. [[May 1963 riot|Rioting]] spread across the city.
* [[June 11]]: Governor [[George Wallace]] made his "[[stand in the schoolhouse door]]" to prevent integration of the [[University of Alabama]]. [[Vivian Malone]] and [[James Hood]] registered later that day.
* [[June 11]]: Governor [[George Wallace]] made his "[[stand in the schoolhouse door]]" to prevent integration of the [[University of Alabama]]. [[Vivian Malone]] and [[James Hood]] registered later that day.
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* [[August 10]]: Predominantly African-American [[St James United Methodist Church (Warrior)|St James United Methodist Church]] in [[Warrior]] was destroyed by arsonists.
* [[August 10]]: Predominantly African-American [[St James United Methodist Church (Warrior)|St James United Methodist Church]] in [[Warrior]] was destroyed by arsonists.
* [[September 10]]: [[Birmingham City Schools]] were integrated by National Guardsmen under orders from President Kennedy.
* [[September 10]]: [[Birmingham City Schools]] were integrated by National Guardsmen under orders from President Kennedy.
* [[September 15]]: [[16th Street Baptist Church]] was [[1963 church bombing|bombed]] in an act of terror. (See also [[Bombingham#1963|Bombingham]])
* [[September 15]]: [[16th Street Baptist Church]] was [[1963 church bombing|bombed]] in an act of terror. (''See also:'' [[Bombingham#1963|Bombingham]].)
* [[September 30]]: ''Newsweek'' published a feature story about the church bombing with a photograph by [[John Friedel]] on the cover.
* [[September 30]]: ''Newsweek'' published a feature story about the church bombing with a photograph by [[John Friedel]] on the cover.


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* [[Martin Coleman]] succeeded [[James Harris]] as pastor of [[Avondale United Methodist Church]].
* [[Martin Coleman]] succeeded [[James Harris]] as pastor of [[Avondale United Methodist Church]].
* [[Ben Lacy, Jr]] succeeded [[Gene Poe]] as pastor of [[South Highland Presbyterian Church]].
* [[Ben Lacy, Jr]] succeeded [[Gene Poe]] as pastor of [[South Highland Presbyterian Church]].
* [[Mack McCollum]] succeeded [[Billy Oswold]] as pastor of [[First Baptist Church of Hoover|Patton Chapel Baptist Church]].
* [[Pilgrim Church|Pilgrim Congregational Church]] established a day school.
* [[Pilgrim Church|Pilgrim Congregational Church]] established a day school.
* [[Arnold Royal]] succeeded [[Karl Friedman]] as president of [[Temple Beth-El]].
* [[Arnold Royal]] succeeded [[Karl Friedman]] as president of [[Temple Beth-El]].
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* [[Roberta Baumgardner|Roberta Alison]] became the first woman to attend the [[University of Alabama]] on an athletic scholarship.  
* [[Roberta Baumgardner|Roberta Alison]] became the first woman to attend the [[University of Alabama]] on an athletic scholarship.  
* [[Al Belcher]] teamed up with Kansas City A's owner [[Charlie Finley]] to bring the [[Birmingham Barons]] back for the [[1964 Birmingham Barons|1964 season]].
* [[Al Belcher]] teamed up with Kansas City A's owner [[Charlie Finley]] to bring the [[Birmingham Barons]] back for the [[1964 Birmingham Barons|1964 season]].
* [[Bessemer High School]] won a state football championship in [[Snitz Snider]]'s final season as coach.
* The [[Birmingham Black Barons]] played their  [[1963 Birmingham Barons|final season]].
* The [[Birmingham Black Barons]] played their  [[1963 Birmingham Barons|final season]].
* [[Buck Buchanan]] was the first player selected overall in the year's AFL draft.
* [[Buck Buchanan]] was the first player selected overall in the year's AFL draft.
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* [[John Beecher]] began a two year stint as poet in residence at the University of Santa Clara.
* [[John Beecher]] began a two year stint as poet in residence at the University of Santa Clara.
* [[Bill Burns]] joined the U.S. Navy.
* [[Bill Burns]] joined the U.S. Navy.
* [[Ralph Butler]] was assigned to the [[Birmingham FBI office]] to assist  in the investigation of the [[1963 church bombing|bombing]] of [[16th Street Baptist Church]].
* [[Chas Chamberlain]] moved to Birmingham with his parents.
* [[Chas Chamberlain]] moved to Birmingham with his parents.
* [[Larry Connatser]] quit his job to paint full time.
* [[Larry Connatser]] quit his job to paint full time.
* [[Bob Curlee]] left his position as associate pastor of [[Southside Baptist Church]] to to take the pulpit at First Baptist Church of Ashland in [[Clay County]].
* [[Kerry James Marshall]]'s family moved from Birmingham to Los Angeles.
* [[Kerry James Marshall]]'s family moved from Birmingham to Los Angeles.
* [[Robert Miller]] began his ministry as an associate pastor at First Methodist Church in Anniston.
* [[Robert Miller]] began his ministry as an associate pastor at First Methodist Church in Anniston.
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* [[David Meeks]], Associated Press editor
* [[David Meeks]], Associated Press editor
* [[Artis Murphy]], literacy advocate
* [[Artis Murphy]], literacy advocate
* [[Curtis Rigney]], [[Alabaster Police Department|Alabaster Police Chief]]
* [[Yolnda Seay]], convicted criminal
* [[Yolnda Seay]], convicted criminal
* [[Marcia Starks]], home health aide
* [[Marcia Starks]], home health aide
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===Marriages===
===Marriages===
* [[June 20]]: [[Charles Gaines]] and [[Patricia Ellison]]
* [[June 20]]: [[Charles Gaines]] and [[Patricia Ellison]]
* [[Larry Drummond]] to the former [[Abbie Drummond|Abbie Kiker]].
* Chico Gale and [[Patti Wheeler]]
* [[Fred Youngs, Jr]] and Miss Sikes
* [[Fred Youngs, Jr]] and Miss Sikes


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* Birmingham Realtor of the Year: [[Bill Watts, Jr]]
* Birmingham Realtor of the Year: [[Bill Watts, Jr]]
* [[Miss Alabama]]: [[Judy Short]]
* [[Miss Alabama]]: [[Judy Short]]
* [[Miss Alabama USA]]: [[Dinah Armstrong]]
* [[Miss Samford]]: [[Nancy Howard]]
* [[Miss Samford]]: [[Nancy Howard]]
* [[Mr Crestwood]]: [[Joe Weeks]]
* [[Mr Crestwood]]: [[Joe Weeks]]
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[[Image:Collins McNair Robertson Wesley.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Collins, McNair, Robertson, and Wesley]]
[[Image:Collins McNair Robertson Wesley.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Collins, McNair, Robertson, and Wesley]]
===Deaths===
===Deaths===
* April: [[Simon Kessler]], businessman
* [[September 15]]:  [[Addie Mae Collins]], [[Denise McNair]], [[Carole Robertson]], and [[Cynthia Wesley]] died in the [[1963 church bombing|bombing]] of the [[16th Street Baptist Church]].  Teenagers [[Johnnie Robinson]] and [[Virgil Ware]] were killed in the bombing's aftermath.
* [[September 15]]:  [[Addie Mae Collins]], [[Denise McNair]], [[Carole Robertson]], and [[Cynthia Wesley]] died in the [[1963 church bombing|bombing]] of the [[16th Street Baptist Church]].  Teenagers [[Johnnie Robinson]] and [[Virgil Ware]] were killed in the bombing's aftermath.
* [[October 19]]: [[Walter McAdory]], former [[Jefferson County Sheriff]]
* [[October 19]]: [[Walter McAdory]], former [[Jefferson County Sheriff]]
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* [[3349 Brookwood Road]]
* [[3349 Brookwood Road]]
* [[Bankhead Lock and Dam]]
* [[Bankhead Lock and Dam]]
* [[Birmingham City Jail]], renovations and additions
* [[Birmingham Sailing Club]] club house, docks, and launch ramps
* [[Fritz Woehle residence]]
* [[Fritz Woehle residence]]
* 6-story, 50 room addition to the [[University Place Apartments|Guest House Motor Inn]]
* 6-story, 50 room addition to the [[University Place Apartments|Guest House Motor Inn]]
* June: [[Miller's Ferry Bridge|Horseshoe Bend Bridge]] was washed out by floodwaters following heavy rains.
* June: [[Miller's Ferry Bridge|Horseshoe Bend Bridge]] was washed out by floodwaters following heavy rains.
* [[Hueytown City Hall]]
* [[Hueytown City Hall]]
* [[Jones Valley High School]] (now [[Jones Valley Middle School]])
* [[Memory Leake Robinson Hall]] at [[Howard University]]
* [[Memory Leake Robinson Hall]] at [[Howard University]]
* [[Milo's Hamburgers]] second location on [[10th Avenue North]]
* [[Milo's Hamburgers]] second location on [[10th Avenue North]]
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* First contracts were signed for construction of the [[Red Mountain Expressway]]
* First contracts were signed for construction of the [[Red Mountain Expressway]]
* A large, electrically-lit cross was mounted to the tower of [[Third Presbyterian Church]]
* A large, electrically-lit cross was mounted to the tower of [[Third Presbyterian Church]]
====Demolished====
* August: The [[Strand Theater]] was demolished to make way for new parking deck for [[Birmingham Trust National Bank]].


===Music===
===Music===
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Image:1963 Steiner Bank building.jpg|Rendering for the 1963 [[Steiner Bank]] building
Image:1963 Steiner Bank building.jpg|Rendering for the 1963 [[Steiner Bank]] building
Image:1963 Birmingham City Council.jpg|The inaugural [[Birmingham City Council]]  
Image:1963 Birmingham City Council.jpg|The inaugural [[Birmingham City Council]]  
Image:Gaston Motel marchers.JPG|[[Birmingham Police Department|Birmingham police]] surveillance photo of marchers gathering at the [[A. G. Gaston Motel]]
Image:Hudson police dogs 1963.jpg|Bill Hudson's iconic photo of [[Police dogs and firehoses|police dogs]] being used on Civil Rights protestors
Image:Hudson police dogs 1963.jpg|Bill Hudson's iconic photo of [[Police dogs and firehoses|police dogs]] being used on Civil Rights protestors
Image:Moore fire hoses 1963.jpg|Charles Moore's iconic photo of [[Police dogs and firehoses|fire hoses]] being used on Civil Rights protestors
Image:Moore fire hoses 1963.jpg|Charles Moore's iconic photo of [[Police dogs and firehoses|fire hoses]] being used on Civil Rights protestors
Image:1963 aftermath of AD King house bombing.jpg|[[A. D. King residence]] after it was bombed
Image:1963 aftermath of AD King house bombing.jpg|[[A. D. King residence]] after it was bombed
Image:Stand in the Schoolhouse door overview.jpg|The scene at [[George Wallace]]'s "[[Stand in the schoolhouse door]]"
Image:Wallace stand.jpg|George Wallace's "Stand in the schoolhouse door"
Image:Vivian Malone registering.jpg|[[Vivian Malone]] registers at [[University of Alabama|Alabama]]
Image:Bull Connor 1963.jpg|[[Bull Connor]] addressing the [[Tuscaloosa White Citizens Council]]
Image:Bull Connor 1963.jpg|[[Bull Connor]] addressing the [[Tuscaloosa White Citizens Council]]
Image:Arthur Shores 1963.jpg|Arthur Shores in 1963
Image:Arthur Shores 1963.jpg|Arthur Shores in 1963
Image:J B Stoner and Al Kuettner 1963.jpg|Segregationist [[J. B. Stoner]] speaking to a reporter
Image:J B Stoner and Al Kuettner 1963.jpg|Segregationist [[J. B. Stoner]] speaking to a reporter
Image:1963 Woodlawn HS protest.jpg|Integration protestors at [[Woodlawn High School]]
Image:1963 Woodlawn HS protest.jpg|Integration protestors at [[Woodlawn High School]]
Image:Graymont School integration.png|A mother withdraws her son from [[Graymont School]] after it's integrated
Image:1963 church bombing.jpg|[[16th Street Baptist Church]] after the [[1963 church bombing|bombing]]
Image:1963 church bombing.jpg|[[16th Street Baptist Church]] after the [[1963 church bombing|bombing]]
Image:16th St BC bombed office 1963.jpg|The church office after the bombing
Image:16th St BC bombed office 1963.jpg|The church office after the bombing

Revision as of 11:29, 16 April 2013

1963 was the 92nd year after the founding of the City of Birmingham.

A watershed in the Civil Rights Movement occurred in 1963 when Birmingham Civil Rights Movement leader Fred Shuttlesworth requested that Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) come to Birmingham to help end segregation (see below). Together they launched "Project C" (for "Confrontation"), a massive assault on the Jim Crow system. During April and May daily sit-ins and mass marches were met with police repression, tear gas, attack dogs, and arrests. More than 3,000 people were arrested during these protests, many of the children. These protests were ultimately successful, leading not only to desegregation of public accommodations in Birmingham but also the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

While imprisoned for having taken part in a nonviolent protest, Dr. King wrote the now famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, a defining treatise in his cause against segregation. Birmingham is also known for a bombing which occurred later that year, in which four black girls were killed by a bomb planted at the 16th Street Baptist Church. The event would inspire the African-American poet Dudley Randall's opus, The Ballad of Birmingham, as well as jazz musician John Coltrane's song, "Alabama."

Events

Business

Civil Rights Movement

ACMHR pin.jpg
Main article: Timeline of the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham

Education

Government

The Birmingham City Council in 1963

Religion

Sports

Individuals

Births

Charles Barkley
A. C. Roper

Graduations

Marriages

Divorces

Albert Boutwell. courtesy BPL Archives

Offices

Awards

Retirements

  • Billy Gamble retired as a chief warrant officer from the U.S. Navy.
Collins, McNair, Robertson, and Wesley

Deaths

See also List of Birmingham homicides in 1963

Works

Letter from Birmingham City Jail cover.jpg

Buildings

Fritz Woehle residence

Demolished

Music

  • One Grain of Sand, Odetta
  • Odetta Sings Folk Songs, Odetta
  • Angels and Demons at Play, Sun Ra and his Myth Science Arkestra
  • When Sun Comes Out, Sun Ra and his Myth Science Arkestra

Gallery

Context

In 1963, the Vietnam War continued. Travel and financial transactions by U.S. citizens with Cuba were prohibited. The Beatles recorded and release their debut album, Please Please Me. Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 705 crashed in the Florida Everglades killing all 43 persons aboard. Country music superstar Patsy Cline was killed in a plane crash. The Alcatraz Island federal penitentiary in San Francisco Bay closed. The Coca-Cola Company introduced its first diet drink, Tab cola. NASA flew the final Mercury program mission. Vostok 6 carried Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman, into space. The Supreme Court ruled in Abington School District v. Schempp that state-mandated Bible reading in public schools is unconstitutional. Pope Paul VI succeeded Pope John XXIII.

Also in 1963, ZIP Codes were introduced. Hurricane Flora hit Hispaniola and Cuba killing nearly 7,000 people. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas; Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson became the 36th President. Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin was later shot dead by Jack Ruby on live national television. A lightning strike caused the crash of Pan Am Flight 214 near Elkton, Maryland, killing 81 people. Kenya and Zanzibar became independent from Great Britain. The cruise ship Lakonia burned 180 miles north of Madeira, killing 128.

Books published in 1963 included Planet of the Apes (La Planète des Singes) by Pierre Boulle, Inside Mr. Enderby by Anthony Burgess, The Clocks by Agatha Christie, The Collector by John Fowles, On Her Majesty's Secret Service by Ian Fleming, The Spy who Came in from the Cold by John le Carré, Ice Station Zebra by Alistair MacLean, Cat's Cradle by Kurt Vonnegut, and The Graduate by Charles Webb.

Top pop music hits of 1963 included "He's So Fine" by The Chiffons, "Fingertips Pt. 2" by Little Stevie Wonder, "Sugar Shack" by Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs, and "Dominique" by The Singing Nun. The Grammy Awards for both Record of the Year and Song of the Year went to "Days of Wine and Roses" by Henry Mancini. Album of the Year went to The Barbra Streisand Album by Barbra Streisand. Best New Artist was awarded to Ward Swingle of The Swingle Singers.

The top-grossing films of 1963 included Cleopatra, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, How the West Was Won, The Birds, and From Russia With Love. The Academy Award for Best Picture went to Tom Jones, as did Best Director (Tony Richardson). Best Actor went to Sidney Poitier for Lilies of the Field, while Best Actress went to Patricia Neal for Hud.

Television premieres of 1963 included Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom, General Hospital, The Outer Limits, The Fugitive, and Petticoat Junction. Also premiering in the United Kingdom was BBC television science fiction series Doctor Who. Series that ended in 1963 included The Voice of Firestone, The Real McCoys, and Leave It to Beaver,

Notable births in 1963 included baseball pitcher David Cone, singer and actress Vanessa L. Williams, model and actress Kathy Ireland, chess player Garry Kasparov, actor Eric McCormack, entertainer Conan O'Brien, martial artist and actor Jet Li, actress Natasha Richardson, comedian and actor Mike Myers, actor Johnny Depp, actress Helen Hunt, singer George Michael, actress Phoebe Cates, actress Lisa Kudrow, rapper Coolio, computer hacker Kevin Mitnick, singer Whitney Houston, actor John Stamos, singer Tori Amos, singer Richard Marx, baseball player Mark McGwire, and actor Brad Pitt.

Notable deaths included businessman and politician Robert S. Kerr, country singer Patsy Cline, Pope John XXIII, civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois, conductor Fritz Reiner, criminal Robert Stroud, writer Aldous Huxley, President John F. Kennedy, novelist C. S. Lewis, and wrestler "Gorgeous George" Wagner.

1960s
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Births - Deaths - Establishments - Events - Works
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